Turkish-Iranian Competition for Influence in Central Asian Countries: Motivations and Tools (2011–2021)

This study aimed to examine the motivations and tools behind the Turkish-Iranian competition for influence in Central Asian countries and the impact of this rivalry on security and political stability in the region. The study was based on the main hypothesis that the strategic importance of Central Asian countries has influenced the pattern of competition between regional powers (Turkey and Iran) for influence in the region and their interactions during the period 2011–2021. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and applied the regional systems analysis framework to reach its findings. The study concluded that there is an ongoing competition between Turkey and Iran to expand their influence in Central Asia, as both states seek to attract as many Central Asian republics as possible into their respective spheres of influence. To achieve this goal, Iran and Turkey have employed various tools, including political, economic, cultural, and military means, and have provided financial, logistical, and economic support to countries in the region to strengthen their ties with regional governments and societies.