Intergovernmental cooperation and conflict resolution in the federal system of Ethiopia: The case of Oromia and Somali regional states

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the main reasons of conflict between Oromia and Somali regional states in 2017–2018 and examine the effectiveness of the institutions and forums of intergovernmental conflict resolution and peacebuilding processes. The study followed case study design and qualitative research approach. Key informant and in‐depth interviews as well as focus group discussions were employed. This study found out different reasons for the conflict between the two regional states, including lack of a clear inter‐regional boundary, territorial claims and counter claims, competition over scarce resources and control of trade routes, and a lack of effective implementation of the outcome of the 2004 referendum. Those who were normally supposed to prevent or resolve conflict were rather implicated in it. Different measures, including joint peace conferences, referendum, and bilateral peace and development agreements, were taken to address the conflict; but, the underlying causes of conflict are barely addressed and the present smooth relation between the regional states is unsustainable.