Perceptual Bias in Mobile Radar Chart Visualization: Untangling the Effects of Radial Axes, Data Series, and Screen Refresh

While radar charts are widely used for visualizing multivariate data across various fields, and mobile technology enables screen refresh for potentially enhanced viewing experiences, the impact of chart design and user interaction on visual perception remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the effects of radial axes, data series, and screen refresh on perceptual bias in mobile radar chart visualization. An experiment with 157 participants revealed non-significant main effects for all three factors but significant interactions between data series and both radial axes and screen refresh. These findings extend the theoretical understanding of radar chart visualization bias and offer practical implications for both chart creators and viewers.