A Study of Some Three-dimensional Oil Lamps Models displayed in Tell Basta Museum

The research presents five three-dimensional oil lamps displayed in the Tell Basta Museum, which were discovered in various regions, including the archaeological site of Tell Basta, Temai Al Amdeed, San El-Hagar, and Tell El-Shaqafiya. The figural lamp models featured in the study exhibit diverse forms, including animal, plant, and human shapes. Through a descriptive and analytical approach, the researcher examines their forms, current condition, and the scenes depicted on them, analysing their artistic and religious significance, as well as their intended purpose. The research presents a collection of oil lamps known as "Three-dimensional Oil Lamps," which emerged and continued to be used for an extended period from the Hellenistic era until the late Roman period. The production of this type of lamp was widespread in the ancient world, including Rome and Mesopotamia, reaching its peak between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE. While the production of such lamps ceased in Italy, it continued in Egypt until the 4th century CE, particularly in the city of Alexandria