Degree-based topological properties of borophene sheets

Abstract This study examines many innovative topological numbers and establishes mathematical interpretations for boron clusters and borophene coverings. The general Randic index, arithmetic index, and Albertson index are discussed in this work for the alpha sheets of boron clusters. Boron cluster sheets are two-dimensional boron atom-based formations called borophene. They are similar to the two-dimensional sheet known as graphene, which is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of borophene make it a sought-after substance for a variety of uses, such as catalysis, energy storage, and electronics. There are two ways to manufacture borophene: chemical vapour deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. Degree-based topological numbers are a great example of a molecular descriptor that provides information on the connection of atoms in a molecule. These descriptions are based on the notion of a node’s degree in a molecular network, which indicates the number of neighbouring atoms that are directly connected to that node.