HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF STRATEGIC APPROACHES AND SECTORAL IMPACTS

This study conducts a comprehensive systematic literature review to examine the strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) practices within the transport sector, encompassing key sub-sectors such as aviation, maritime, rail, logistics, and public transit. Utilizing the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure methodological transparency and rigor, a total of 124 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2024 were identified, screened, and analyzed. The review synthesizes key HRM themes, including performance management, workforce planning and talent acquisition, employee engagement and well-being, digital transformation and technological integration, sustainability practices, diversity and inclusion initiatives, and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) alignment. The findings highlight that HRM strategies in the transport sector are increasingly becoming specialized and responsive to operational complexity, regulatory environments, and evolving workforce expectations. Performance appraisal systems are often closely linked with safety metrics and compliance standards, while digital technologies such as electronic HRM systems, artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics are transforming traditional HR functions. Employee burnout, mental health challenges, and skill shortages continue to affect organizational stability, especially in safety-critical roles. Furthermore, organizations are beginning to embrace green HRM, gender diversity programs, and cross-cultural management practices to address global workforce challenges. Despite these advancements, the review reveals critical gaps, including fragmented theoretical applications, limited cross-sectoral insights, underrepresentation of frontline worker perspectives, and a lack of longitudinal and mixed-method research designs. This study not only consolidates current knowledge but also underscores the pressing need for integrated, context-specific HRM frameworks that align with the dynamic operational, technological, and human demands of the transport sector, offering a robust foundation for both academic inquiry and industry practice.