Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis: A Rare Airway Disorder With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges—A Case Report and Literature Review

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare, localised form of amyloidosis characterised by the extracellular deposition of abnormal proteins within the tracheal and bronchial tissues. This condition, although uncommon, can significantly impact airway function, leading to symptoms such as persistent cough, dyspnea and airway obstruction. This report highlights the clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches and therapeutic options for TBA, emphasising the need for individualised management strategies and comprehensive patient care. This case describes a 62-year-old male with a history of smoking debuting with progressive hoarseness, dyspnea and dysphagia, who was initially diagnosed with tracheobronchial amyloidosis following biopsy of a subglottic mass. After surgical excision and a 3-year disease-free interval, he experienced multiple recurrences requiring further interventions, including bronchoscopic evaluation. Histopathological confirmation of recurrent amyloidosis led to a decision for strict follow-up, as symptoms remained mild post-biopsy.