Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula secondary to historic thoracic shrapnel injury: presenting features and interventional approach

PAVF can result from penetrating chest trauma. An intra-pulmonary shunt should be suspected in the setting of hypoxaemia refractory to oxygen therapy and when there is no evidence of an intra-cardiac shunt. Endovascular intervention can facilitate definitive treatment by employing a plug-in-stent technique.