Identification of potential groundwater zones using the analytical hierarchical process technique: Case study of the region of Constantine – Northeastern Algeria

This study presents an integrated approach for identifying groundwater potential zones in the Constantine region, northeastern Algeria, by combining the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The methodology incorporates a multi-criteria analysis based on seven critical parameters: geomorphology, slope, drainage density, fault density, land use, lithology, and soil types. Each parameter was weighted using the AHP technique to quantify its relative influence on groundwater accumulation. Subsequently, areas were classified into zones of varying groundwater potential, ranging from ‘very poor’ to ‘excellent’. Field verification was conducted to validate the model’s results, demonstrating its effectiveness. Specifically, 80% of the 22 drilled wells in ‘good’ potential zones were found to exhibit reliable performance and sustainability. In contrast, wells located in areas classified as ‘poor’ potential zones were non-performing. These findings highlight the practical reliability of the AHP-GIS methodology in delineating groundwater-rich areas and its potential application in strategic water resource management. Moreover, the results reinforce the utility of this approach in addressing water scarcity challenges prevalent in arid and semi-arid regions. By accurately mapping groundwater concentration zones, this method offers a valuable tool for resource planners. The study also emphasizes its broader implications, including drought risk mitigation, particularly in regions where sustainable water management is critical for economic and environmental resilience.