3-D Placement of Aerial Base Stations to Support Terrestrial Network Based on Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization

Problem statement. With the increasing load on terrestrial communication networks, it is necessary to implement new solutions to ensure stable and high-quality user service. One of the promising approaches is the use of aerial base stations (ABS), which can be rapidly deployed in areas with high user density or during emergency situations. This paper addresses the problem of three-dimensional deployment of ABS to support terrestrial communication networks, where the number of users exceeds the capacity of the current ground-based system. The main goal of this work is to determine the minimum number of ABS and their optimal placement while meeting user service requirements. However, this is an NP-hard problem (nondeterministic polynomial-time hardness), so to solve it, we propose using Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization. Scientific novelty: the proposed approach consists in developing a method for optimizing three-dimensional ABS placement using an adaptive particle swarm algorithm aimed at minimizing the number of ABS while maintaining high quality of service to users. Unlike classical PSO, the proposed algorithm allows connecting more users to ABS due to more efficient resource allocation and selection of ABS location. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm ensures high coverage performance in environments with various user distributions. Theoretical / practical significance: In practice, the results can be used in planning and deploying ABS in congestion or emergency situations to ensure sustainable coverage.