Research Progress on the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in the Occurrence and Development of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

肺癌已成为全球癌症患者死亡的主要原因，非小细胞肺癌(Non-small-cell lung cancer, NSCLC)是肺癌最常见的病理类型，约占肺癌的85%，NSCLC晚期转移和复发致使患者的预后较差。RNA结合蛋白(RNA-binding proteins, RBPs)是一类可以结合单链或双链RNA的蛋白质，在基因调控中发挥着举足轻重的作用，其涉及与rRNA、ncRNA、snRNA、miRNA、mRNA和tRNA等各种类型RNA的相互作用。RBPs是由多个重复序列所组成，这些重复序列构成RNA识别结合域，RNA结合域排列组合赋予了RBPs功能的多样性。其表达失调在细胞增殖、血管再生、细胞凋亡抑制中扮演着关键的角色。RBPs在多种肿瘤组织中过表达，可通过调控不同的信号通路，参与肿瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移等生物学过程。基于RBPs在NSCLC的分子标志物及其生物学和作用机制成为近年来研究的焦点，本文综述了RBPs在NSCLC发生发展的最新研究进展，总结了RBPs的作用机制、表达调控以及在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的生物意义，为肿瘤的新型诊断标记和治疗靶点的发现提供新思路。Lung cancer has become the leading cause of death in the world. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of lung cancer. Advanced metastasis and recurrence of NSCLC lead to poor prognosis. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a class of proteins that can bind single-stranded or double-stranded RNA, and play an important role in gene regulation. They involve interactions with various types of RNA such as rRNA, ncRNA, snRNA, miRNA, mRNA, and tRNA. RBPs are composed of multiple repetitive sequences, which constitute RNA recognition and binding domains. The arrangement and combination of RNA binding domains endow RBPs with functional diversity. Its dysregulation plays a key role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis inhibition. RBPs are overexpressed in a variety of tumor tissues and involved in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration and other biological processes by regulating different signaling pathways. The molecular markers of RBPs in NSCLC and their biological and mechanism of action have become the focus of research in recent years. This article reviews the latest research progress of RBPs in the development of NSCLC, and summarizes the mechanism of action, expression regulation and biological significance of RBPs in tumor invasion and metastasis. It provides new ideas for the discovery of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of tumors.