Men subject to supervision who sexually reoffend. A narrative literature review to identify factors which raise risk, and support desistance

Purpose This study aims to summarise the evidence regarding factors that signal raised risk of reoffending among men convicted of sexual offences under probation supervision in the community and, in doing so, identify means of better supporting desistance among this group. Design/methodology/approach A narrative literature review was conducted to identify factors associated with a greater likelihood of sexually reoffending while under supervision in the community. A search of electronic databases was conducted, sourcing literature from between 2000 and 2024. A total of 87 papers were identified and read for the review. Findings A series of factors were identified which are linked to a greater likelihood of sexually reoffending while under community supervision, including younger age, offence-related sexual interest, significant criminal history including history of burglary, antisocial orientation and high levels of childhood adversity. The evidence suggests that within our supervision and risk management, we should use a strengths-based approach, routinely reassess risk and needs using appropriate tools, be alert to periods of stress and change, attend to reintegration factors, ensure good communication between agencies, attend to a person’s full criminal history, observe behaviour in different settings and focus on defensible decision-making. Research limitations/implications There are limitations to this study; for instance, most of the studies included were retrospective, and studies of reoffending rates underestimate the true level of offending. Practical implications The review found a body of evidence on what managing risk well and promoting desistance look like. The implications contribute to supporting desistance in those being supervised in the community. Originality/value This review adds to the evidence base by its focus on providing practical guidance to staff supervising men convicted of sexual offences in the community to enhance the likelihood of desistance. Attending to the factors identified may make it more likely that we can spot when someone is struggling and provide the support they need to desist and not lapse back into offending.