Development of ‘Making a Sustainable City’ Hands-on Activity Task by Using Virtual Reality Contents in Technology Education of Middle School

The purpose of this study is to develop ‘making a sustainable city’ hands-on activity task by using virtual reality contents in technology education of middle school. For this purpose, the study was conducted according to the five stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation by modifying the ADDIE model. The main results are as follows. First, we analyzed the needs related to SDG 11 in ESD and curriculum. Second, the learning objectives were specified, assessment tools were designed, lesson topics and details were structured, and appropriate teaching strategy, method and media were selected. Third, we developed a draft of the hands-on activity task and revised and supplemented it according to the results of expert validation. Fourth, we implemented lessons with the hands-on activity task for a total of 17 students in the second grade of middle school and surveyed them about their satisfaction. Fifth, we evaluated the results of students' satisfaction and learning, and developed the final version of the hands-on activity task by modifying and supplementing it. The conclusions from this study are as follows. First, the ADDIE model can be modified and utilized according to the direction of the study to systematically develop this hands-on activity task. In this study, the procedures of the Development, Implementation and Evaluation stages were modified. Second, this hands-on activity task can provide satisfaction to students and help them learn about sustainable city in construction technology. Third, this hands-on activity task requires students to consider all three aspects of sustainability in the process of designing a city. Some students struggled with the challenge of fleshing out the elements of the city related to social and economic aspects. This may be due to the fact that the content previously presented in construction technology is mainly related to ecological aspects, whereas the concept of sustainability requires the integration of ecological, social and economic aspects.