Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dry and Fresh Aqueous Extracts of Cordia myxa on A549 Cell Line

Abstract Cancer, one of the prevalent chronic illnesses affecting humans, This study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of aqueous extracts from both dry and fresh Cordia myxa fruits through bioassays conducted on human lung cancer cell lines [A549]. The materials and methods included preparing the Cordia myxa aqueous extracts and maintaining A549 cell cultures in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% Fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin. Two methods were employed to investigate the impact of Cordia myxa. The first method involved Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry [GC-MS], which was used to analyze and compare the secondary metabolites in both extracts to determine which extract exhibits higher biological activity or efficacy. The second method involved cytotoxicity assays to determine the cytotoxic effect of the aqueous extracts on A549 cells. The results demonstrate that the relative quantitative analysis confirmed the presence of phenols and alkaloids in the dried fruits. Moreover, dried Cordia myxa fruits showed a highly cytotoxic effect against A549 cells and caused clear morphological changes in the cell lines after treatment. This suggests that the Cordia myxa plant is rich in bioactive components with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, justifying its traditional use in medicine for treating various diseases.conclusion: The findings revealed that the dried Cordia myxa fruit has high cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line than the fresh extract.