Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction through Integration of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Sources: A Model for Sangan Iron Ore Mine Complex of Iran

The iron ore mining industry is a crucial component of the global economy, yet it is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, heavily reliant on non-renewable energy sources. This industry contributes approximately 7% of global CO2 emissions, leading to significant environmental pollution and economic instability. Switching to renewable energy is crucial for reducing climate change and its impacts on health. This research focuses on optimizing its use alongside non-renewable energy sources to minimize the carbon footprint and promote socio-economic development in the region. The study reveals that the Sangan complex has exceptional weather conditions for harnessing solar and wind energy. Feasibility analyses indicate that a 100 MW solar power plant and a 10 MW wind power plant could supply 40% and 16% of the complex's electricity needs, respectively. Transitioning from complete reliance on non-renewable energy sources—resulting in annual GHG emissions of 349,229 tons—to a model where 56% of electricity comes from renewable sources could reduce emissions to 88,757 tons per year. The initial investment for establishing solar and wind power plants is estimated at USD 99 million and USD 50 million, respectively, with annual maintenance costs of USD 825,000 and USD 1.5 million. Importantly, this model not only demonstrates economic viability but also offers substantial financial justification through lower operational costs. Developing renewable energy sources at Sangan creates job opportunities, fosters entrepreneurship, and enhances economic resilience. This approach optimizes energy production, contributes to environmental goals, and supports a sustainable future in Iran's mining sector.