Post-Sternotomy Scarring: Current Challenges and Treatment Strategies for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

Background: Sternotomy is a common surgical approach in cardiac surgery, but it is associated with the development of both hypertrophic scars (HTS) and keloids. These scars are often problematic, leading to aesthetic concerns, functional impairments, and in some cases, pain or discomfort. This study reviews the various management strategies for keloid and hypertrophic scars post-sternotomy. Objective: To evaluate current treatment options for preventing and managing keloid and hypertrophic scars following sternotomy and assess their effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. Methods: A review of the literature on scar formation post-sternotomy and management interventions. Results: Several management options are available, including steroid injections, silicone gel sheets, laser therapy, surgical revision, and radiotherapy, with varying success rates. Conclusion: A combination of early intervention, preventative measures, and individualized treatment plans can significantly reduce the formation of keloid and hypertrophic scars post-sternotomy.