A Comparative Study Of Cccv And Pulse Charging: Thermal Risks And Fire Safety In Lithium-Ion Batteries

Addressing the critical issue of fire risk in lithium-ion batteries, this paper investigates how thermal behavior under Constant Current-Constant Voltage (CCCV) versus Pulse Charging impacts overall safety. Using a MATLAB model of a 48V, 100Ah system, the study analyzes temperature rise and power dissipation—key factors contributing to conditions that can precede fire hazards. Findings demonstrate that conventional CCCV charging induces significant thermal stress, elevating core temperatures to 49.2°C —dangerously close to thresholds (~50°C ) associated with accelerated electrolyte decomposition, flammable gas generation, and potential thermal runaway initiation. In stark contrast, Pulse Charging effectively mitigates these fire risks by maintaining a lower peak temperature of 40.1°C, achieved through reduced average power dissipation (~210W vs. ~300W for CCCV ) and integral cooling periods. By analyzing power loss and heat accumulation specifically in relation to established safety thresholds, this work evaluates the charging techniques primarily through the lens of fire risk reduction. The results strongly advocate for Pulse Charging as an inherently safer methodology, offering a crucial safety margin against fire hazards, especially in demanding applications where thermal stability is paramount.