Diversity, burrow morphology, and ecological significance of freshwater crabs in the Burhi Gandak River and Manika Oxbow Lake, Bihar

This study examines the diversity and ecological roles of freshwater crabs inhabiting the Burhi Gandak River and its adjacent Manika Oxbow Lake in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India, over a 12-month period (August 2022-July 2023). A total of seven crab species—Acanthopotamon martensi, Sartoriana tribolata, Sartoriana spinigera, Barytelphusa guerini, Barytelphusa cunicularis, Inglethelphusa fronto, and Paratelphusa masoniana—were identified, belonging to five genera across two families. Specimens were collected using traditional fishing methods and identified through taxonomic classification. The study also categorized crab burrows into J-shaped, T-shaped, and U-shaped types, highlighting species-specific adaptations that aid in moisture retention, protection from predators, and environmental stability. These burrows contribute significantly to ecosystem processes such as sediment aeration, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity enhancement, particularly in muddy substrates. Despite their ecological adaptability, a decline in species diversity compared to previous studies suggests potential threats like habitat degradation. This research emphasizes the importance of conservation initiatives to protect these keystone species and maintain the ecological balance of riparian habitats.