Comparison of the biomechanical variables of the straight forward aerial jump skill with 2 turns on the floor exercise mat for the Iraqi and Iranian national team players

The 2-turn straight aerial jump is an advanced and complex kinetic skill in artistic gymnastics, requiring a high degree of integration between physical and skill capabilities. This skill requires precise coordination of biomechanical variables, such as propulsion force, joint angles, angular velocity, center of mass, and flight time. These factors significantly influence the quality of technical performance. Therefore, analyzing these variables is essential, as it helps identify players' strengths and weaknesses, contributing to improved technical performance and raising the level of excellence in international competitions. The research aims to identify the biomechanical variables related to the performance of the straight aerial jump skill with 2 turns on the floor exercise mat, diagnose errors in the performance of the straight aerial jump skill with 2 turns and the values ​​of the time-force curve and some biomechanical indicators, identify the specific strength and force moments of the research sample in the performance of the straight aerial jump skill with 2 turns on the floor exercise mat. Therefore, the researchers decided to analyze the biomechanical variables that affect the technical performance of the straight aerial jump skill with 2 turns, with the aim of identifying the technical errors resulting from a defect in these variables and the impact of this on the classification of players in international championships. The researchers pointed out the importance of studying these variables to address shortcomings in technical performance and improve the level of players in international competitions. The researchers assumed the existence of significant differences in the biomechanical variables (such as joint angles, speed of performance, center of mass) between the performance of the straight aerial jump skill with 2 turns on the floor exercise mat between the players of the Iraqi and Iranian national teams. “Kinematic and kinetic factors (such as time, the researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to solve the research problem, in line with the nature of the research objectives and its practical solutions. This approach provides an opportunity to analyze the current reality of sports performance and evaluate it scientifically, which helps in deriving important conclusions that contribute to the development of sports performance. The research community and sample included the players of the Iraqi national team for advanced artistic gymnastics, which includes (6) players, (1) Iranian player who were selected vertically based on the classification of the Iraqi and Arab Gymnastics Federation. The researchers concluded that the results showed clear differences in the performance of the straight air jump skill with two turns between the players of the Iraqi and Iranian teams, especially in the propulsion force and joint angles, which affects the quality of performance. Technical errors and differences in special strength were also identified. The researchers recommend implementing training programs based on biomechanical analysis to improve performance, using advanced analysis techniques to accurately evaluate performance, and correcting joint errors and flight time to increase efficiency.