The Medical Power of Capsaicin: Mechanisms, Applications, and Innovations

Introduction and Purpose: Capsaicin is an active alkaloid found in chili peppers (Capsicum spp.), exhibiting a wide range of biological effects. Its mechanism of action is primarily based on the activation of the TRPV1 receptor, which regulates processes related to pain, inflammation, metabolism, as well as the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The aim is to review the current knowledge on capsaicin, with a particular focus on its mechanisms of action, current and potential medical applications, as well as to discuss the possibilities and challenges associated with its therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: This article was developed based on a review of current scientific literature, including publications from databases such as PubMed and the results of clinical studies. Particular attention was given to the mechanism of action of capsaicin and its applications in various fields of medicine.Results: Capsaicin has a wide range of applications in medicine, primarily as an analgesic in the treatment of neuropathic pain. In dermatology, it is used for treating psoriasis and chronic pruritus. In gastroenterology, its gastroprotective properties and effects on gut microbiota are being studied. In cardiology, it shows potential in regulating blood pressure and lipid metabolism, while in oncology, it is investigated for its role in inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis. Its neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative diseases are also increasingly being explored. Conclusion: Capsaicin exhibits tremendous therapeutic potential in various fields of medicine, ranging from pain management, skin diseases, and metabolic disorders to potential applications in oncology and neurology. Despite its many benefits, its use requires further clinical research to determine optimal dosages, efficacy, and long-term safety.