Numerical analysis of ballistic impact behavior in aluminium and titanium alloys: Exploring material performance for enhanced protection

This study investigates the ballistic impact behavior of Aluminium alloys (Al 6061-T6, Al 7075) and Ti6Al4V alloy plates for potential applications in ballistic protection. The objective was to evaluate the energy absorption and penetration resistance of these materials under varying thicknesses (4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm). Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to simulate vertical and inclined impacts, with the latter conducted at angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° on Ti6Al4V plates. Results indicate that the plate thickness significantly affects energy absorption, with Ti6Al4V exhibiting the highest energy absorption, achieving 20%, 44%, and 63% for 4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm plates, respectively. Al 7075 ranked second, while Al 6061-T6 absorbed the least energy. Notably, for 12 mm Ti6Al4V plates, perforation occurred only at a 15° impact angle, while the bullet got stuck at 30° and 45° and bounced off at 60°. These findings suggest that Ti6Al4V is the most suitable material for ballistic protection, with Al 7075 serving as a secondary option. This research provides valuable insights for the development of lightweight, high-performance materials for ballistic applications in the military and aerospace industries.