Epidemiological Trends and Animal–Human Relationships of Brucellosis in Constantine Province, Eastern Algeria from 2015 to 2023

Objective: The objectives of this study were to characterise the epidemiology of human and animal brucellosis in the eastern Algerian province of Constantine, and to identify the interactions between humans and animals, to establish strategies from a unique health perspective considering the context of endemicity and eradication challenges. Methods: Data collected from official institutions regarding brucellosis in humans and animals in Constantine and seven other provinces from 2015 to 2023 (until August 2022 for animals) were analysed to estimate temporal trends, alert thresholds, and correlations between humans and animals. Results: A total of 163 brucellosis cases in humans were recorded in Constantine between 2015 and 2023, and the annual average was 1.47/100,000. The epidemic threshold was exceeded in 2021 and 2022. Males and residents 20–44 years of age were the most affected groups. In cattle, the prevalence was 1.32%, and the screening rate was below 7.5%. The only significant correlation was observed between humans and goats (r = −0.747, p = 0.03). The southern Constantine region was the most affected. Conclusion: Brucellosis is an underestimated public health threat in Algeria. Gaps in its management include inadequate screening of goats, insufficient vaccination coverage and underreporting. The implementation of more comprehensive surveillance programmes is imperative.