Using a Paradox Approach to Explore Work–Nonwork Issues

The interface between work and nonwork domains is often presented as dilemmas, that is, ‘either/or’ decisions involving mutually exclusive choices where individuals must prioritize one option over the other. We propose a values-based paradox approach that conceptualizes work–nonwork issues through a ‘both/and’ lens, that is, a lens that allows individuals to see two seemingly opposing beliefs or approaches to both be true and beneficial. Focusing on the popular work-nonwork construct of work–nonwork conflict, we use a values-based paradox approach to explore the embedded work–nonwork tensions that have heretofore been approached with either/or thinking. An important benefit of this approach to work–nonwork issues is that it accommodates different situational contexts (e.g., different societal cultures) and thus provides an adaptable, inclusive approach to exploring work–nonwork issues. Our goal is to show how using a paradox approach can lead to a deeper understanding of underlying value dimensions, which allows individuals to frame and develop sustainable work-nonwork solutions. We conclude by discussing several benefits of a values-based paradox approach.