Evaluation of Pancytopenia with Bone Marrow Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Pancytopenia is reduction in all three major formed elements of blood: erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets. It has been observed in Indian scenario that megaloblastosis -Vit.B-12 and Folate deficiency is the commonest cause of pancytopenia. However, the frequency with which each condition is associated with pancytopenia differs considerably depending upon various factors including geographic distribution. Aims & Objectives: 1. To study the frequency of pancytopenia in patients admitted in tertiary hospital. 2.To study the age wise and sex wise distribution of pancytopenia. 3.Clinicopathological correlation of pancytopenia from clinical findings, haemogram, bone marrow aspirate and / or bone marrow trephine biopsy. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based cross section study carried out over a period of Two years in the department of pathology at Santhiram medical college & general hospital from Jan 2023 to Dec.2024 through data collected from hospital records. In this period, a total of 60 bone marrow examinations that fulfilled the criteria for pancytopenia were studied. Results: Total 60 cases were studied in the given period. The most common cause of pancytopenia was Megaloblastic anemia seen in 30 patients (50%) followed by Normoblastic erythropoiesis (12%), transient hypoplasia (8%), Aplastic (5%)/Hypoplastic anemia (5%), leukemia (3.5), hypersplenism (3.5%), Mds(2%), Itp(2%) and miscellaneous (9%). Commonest age group of presentation of pancytopenia was between 21-30 years with 19(32%) out of 60 pateints. Females, 31 cases (51.6%) were most commonly affected than males,29 cases (48.4%). Pallor(86.6%) was the most common clinical feature. Conclusion: Among the conditions that causes Megaloblastic anemia due to Vit.B-12/Folate deficiency, i.e. nutritional in origin seems to reflect the higher prevalence of pancytopenia in Indian subjects-which is easily reversible.