Effects of vascularization when different alloplastic implant materials are used in adjacently with acellular dermal matrix

Objective: Autologous tissue transplantation is the best way to repair tissue defects. Autologous graft materials can cause in the formation of scars and, in some cases, a reduction in the functionality of the donor site. This study aimed to ascertain how often revascularization in the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is formed when different types of alloplastic implant materials are used in reconstructions. Method: The Wistar albino rats were assigned to three groups (n=7): various alloplastic materials (porous polyethylene, titanium, tricalcium phosphate, silicone), coated with ADM, were placed in distinct subcutaneous pockets on the thoracodorsal region of the rats, at 7, 14, and 21 days post-procedure, the rats were sacrificed for sampling. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The degree of revascularization was assessed through the use of immunohistochemical labelling (anti-CD105 antibody). Results: The results indicated that minimal revascularization was observed on day 7, while significantly increased revascularization was evident on days 14 and 21. The use of alloplastic materials showed a significant increase in the number of CD105-positive vessels on days 7, 14 and 21. There was an increase in the number of CD105-positive vessels on day 21 compared to day 7. There was no significant difference in the number of CD105-positive vessels between days 7 and 14 in the tricalcium phosphate and silicone groups. Conclusion: The study concluded that distinct alloplastic implants used adjacent to ADM have no negative impact on revascularization rates. This is the most sought-after objective in the field of soft tissue reconstruction.