Novel Electric-Charge Thermal (NECT) Storage System for Integrated PV-Grid Liquid-Based Heating Supply Technology

Photovoltaic (PV) systems grow rapidly as one reliable solution to harvest solar power. The energy output of the modules can be directly used or partially stored to reduce the mismatch between supply and demand. However, storing the energy in electricity becomes one crucial factor due to the lifetime and cost of the battery. Meanwhile, typical solar water heating operates using bulk components (evacuated tube), which requires a sophisticated frame structure that increases the installation cost. In this work, the two challenges are addressed by introducing novel electric charge thermal (NECT). The model is developed as a thermal energy storage (TES) tank, which possibly stores the excess electric production from PV in the form of heat energy. The compact model of the tank operates with minimum components, while the charge operation can be monitored effectively. The temperature-specific energy performance (SEP) is plotted precisely, showing the continuous effect of phase behavior and energy level. Another crucial factor is also included in the maximum temperature output, which corresponds to the total energy percentage. The high charging rating reduces the duration, which significantly minimizes the heat losses, resulting in higher operation efficiency. The role of material within the tank and operational aspect is assessed in detail, providing a clear reference to integrate the electric-heat energy system in a better aspect.