An Overview on Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Aetiology, Diagnosis, and Advances in Management

This comprehensive review examines the intricate facets of OSF, encompassing its etiology, clinical features, diagnostic modalities, management strategies, and preventive measures. Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) represents a multifactorial and potentially malignant condition affecting the oral cavity, with significant implications for public health. Investigating the interactions between areca nut usage and additional risk factors enhances our understanding of OSF’s complexity. Drawing insights from recent research articles, the review highlights the multifaceted nature of OSF, emphasizing the central role of areca nut and betel quid chewing in its pathogenesis. Diagnostic approaches, including clinical examination, histopathological analysis, and adjunctive tools, are explored, underscoring the importance of early detection for effective intervention. Multidimensional management strategies, ranging from behavioural change to surgical options, are discussed, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches based on individual needs. Preventive paradigms, including public health awareness campaigns and regulatory measures, are elucidated, highlighting the importance of community-driven efforts in mitigating OSF’s impact. The conclusion underscores the necessity of ongoing research, collaboration, and community engagement in addressing the complex challenges posed by OSF, ultimately aiming to enhance global oral health outcomes.