Molecular and metabolic changes in dairy cows with hoof pathologies

Orthopedic pathologies are widespread and cause significant harm to the Russian livestock industry. In this regard, a detailed study of the pathologies of the distal extremities in cattle should be provided by both fundamental and applied research. The issue of the peculiarities of molecular, metabolic and hematological changes in orthopedic pathologies in the body of cattle during lactation is poorly studied, which is of undoubted value for modern animal husbandry. It will not only allow predicting the likelihood of developing certain pathologies in the herd and in a particular individual, but will also make it possible to develop a scientifically based approach for effective prevention and correction of established abnormalities in the shortest possible time. The conducted studies have proved that the revealed deviations are indeed associated with an abnormal intensification of lipoperoxidation processes. The numerical values of the POL and AOA indicators indicate that the pathologies of the distal extremities are accompanied by the destruction and dysfunction of cellular elements, as well as the scale of inflammatory and allergic reactions, the initiation of autoimmune processes, negatively affecting the state of the entire animal’s body, causing the destabilization of homeostasis, which is consistent with the data of biochemical and hematological examinations. Changes in the central metabolic processes caused by excess lipoperoxidation resulted in their depletion, the development of hypoxia, acidosis, anemia. In turn, hematological data confirmed the initiation of the latter, which is largely associated with a violation of the functionality and structural organization of red blood cells. All of the above made it possible to formulate recommendations for predicting the further ontogenesis of animals, namely: viability, realization of productive and reproductive qualities, which is undoubtedly valuable for assessing the further economic use of animals.