Immersive simulation of skydiving in wind tunnels: exploring virtual reality for training and experience enhancement

In paper we evaluate the potential of free fall simulation during skydiving in virtual reality (VR). Compared to previous research, we focused on the connection of virtual reality and safe controlled environment of a vertical wind tunnel, not only in laboratory conditions. We promote an algorithm of free fall consisting of 3 stages—jump, fall and impact, where in each phase we simulate a virtual camera based on the user’s body position . During simulation user changes its position in the wind tunnel, the position of the virtual camera is aligned. Inside-out tracking and color pass-through devices are used. The main limitations for the hardware were integration into the user’s safety helmet. To create a suitable experience, we have created three scenes with two different weather conditions, which correspond to the conditions in real skydiving. We evaluate perception, user emotions and consequences as well as the user experience of 17 users. For evaluation we use a meCUE 2.0 methodology. Five validated modules relate to the perception of different characteristics, to users’ emotions and to consequences. Results show confirmation of the stated hypothesis that the connection between virtual reality and the physical wind tunnel improves the user experience and immersion.