The disturbed serum mineral profiles in chronic kidney disease patients from Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience disturbed serum minerals concentrations.This study aims to investigate the serum minerals profile in CKD, and the possible causes for the disturbances.The study was conducted at King Khalid hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia.Clinical data of 276 CKD patients with results of serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium and potassium levels were included.The patients were distributed into 5 groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate.Statistical analysis was conducted by single ANOVA and regression analysis.The majority of group 5 patients were male with older ages, and their serum phosphate levels were elevated by 26.96%, with the percentage of hyperphosphatemic patients increased from 2.30% to 37.61%.Moreover, the percentage of patients with hypermagnesemia rose from 4.6% to 22.93%.In contrast, the calcium was reduced by 9.69%, with the hypocalcemic patients raised from 37.93% to 81.65%.The serum potassium was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated, with the hyperkalemic patients increased to 28.44%.The serum phosphate, magnesium and potassium showed significant positive correlations with creatinine, whereas, calcium showed a negative correlation.Moreover, the magnesium showed significant positive correlations with phosphate and potassium, but not with calcium or sodium.Napata Scientific Journal Vol. 4 (1) PP 71-90 2 Elevation of serum phosphate may start from as early as stage 3 and turns into hyperphosphatemia at stage 5, with a strong correlation between magnesium and phosphate.Thus, management of Mg and Phosphate levels from earlier stages of the disease can prevent vascular calcification.Moreover, restriction of dietary potassium intake can prevent the development of hyperkalemia.