Economical Investigation of green hydrogen supply for Hydrogen-Powered ship by Off-Grid wave and wind energy hubs

• An approach to producing and consuming hydrogen using hybrid system consist of wave energy converter as the main power supply. • an economically viable endeavor because of the cheap energy and hydrogen levelized costs. • lower levelized cost of hydrogen even in comparison with its projection in 2025. • Achieving optimal performance even in areas with limited potential. • Using hybrid system incentivizes governments to apply such hybrid systems to decarbonize their maritime transport industry. Given the desire of maritime industry to reduce pollutant emissions and extensive use of hydrogen as an energy carrier, this study explores one possibility. Wave energy is considered as the principal energy source together with wind energy to meet energy needs of hydrogen ships. Using wave energy to provide marine hydrogen has never been done, specifically the economic aspect of it. The optimal configuration for a hydrogen refueling infrastructure is investigated, considering the limitations of a low-potential resource area and the demands of a large hydrogen powered ship. Three hypothetical stops located between two major bays and powered by a combination of wave and wind energy maximize hydrogen production efficiency. Economic outcomes are reviewed and presented from multiple perspectives to ensure reasonable hydrogen production and consumption over a 20-year project life. Levelized cost of hydrogen is best at 2.09$ per kilogram, significantly below the typical price of 3–6$ for initial capital cost of 162$M modeled hybrid system.