Ethical Dilemmas in Renewable Energy Transition in Siargao Island: Balancing Innovation, Justice, and Environmental Responsibility

The global transition to renewable energy remains imperative for addressing climate change and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. However, this transition presents distinct ethical, social, and environmental challenges, particularly for island communities such as Siargao Island in the Philippines. This study explores the ethical dimensions of Siargao Island's renewable energy transition by examining local stakeholder perspectives, assessing existing policy frameworks, and analyzing potential environmental impacts. Employing a narrative review methodology aligned with the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines, the study draws from secondary data sources to highlight the complexities embedded in the energy transition. Ethical dilemmas including land use disputes, ecological degradation, and the marginalization of low-income households underscore the need for inclusive and context-sensitive energy policies. The analysis demonstrates that energy transitions, when not guided by principles of justice and equity, tend to exacerbate existing social inequalities and prioritize external investors over local communities. The study advocates for participatory governance models, improved financial accessibility, and strengthened institutional and environmental regulatory frameworks. It also supports the development of decentralized renewable energy systems and inclusive decision-making processes to ensure equitable access and community empowerment. By integrating energy justice principles, Siargao Island offers a valuable model for ethically grounded and sustainable energy transitions in similar island contexts.