The first appearance of Vespa velutina nigrithorax in Hungary supports its origin from the established European population

This study investigates specimens of the Asian yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905) originating from the first colony detected in Hungary. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene confirms their European origin and definitely identifies them as V. velutina. The detection in Hungary represented the species' farthest documented occurrence from its established European distribution at that time, highlighting its significant dispersal potential. Given the high density of bee populations in the region, particular attention should be paid to control efforts during the early stages of colonization.