The effect of coriander seed extract on reducing triacylglycerol synthesis andlipid droplets in the liver of obese rats induced by high-fat diet

Obesity is a serious health problem that is often caused by consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) and exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition where triacylglycerol (TAG) is accumulated in the liver as lipid droplets, could be found as a complication associated with obesity. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of coriander seed ethanolic extract (CE) treatment on liver TAG synthesis and lipid droplets in HFD-induced obese rats. A total of twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into the following five groups: control group, control-CE group, HFD-CE group, obese group, and obese-CE group. Obesity induction was conducted for the first 12 weeks followed by CE treatment for the second 12 weeks and then the rats were sacrificed, and the liver organ was collected. We measured the TAG level, the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) protein, the relative mRNA expression of PLIN2 and DGAT2, also histology analysis of lipid droplets in the liver. The results of this study demonstrated that the TAG levels in the liver of the obese group were associated with the increase in DGAT2 and PLIN2 mRNA expression compared to the control group. The histology section also showed a large amount of lipid droplets in the obese group. The results also showed that the CE treatment, either in the HFD-CE or the obese-CE group, generated the reduction of liver TAG levels, mRNA expression of DGAT2 and PLIN2, and lipid droplets in the liver compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results showed that CE treatment in obese or HFD-induced rats could suppress lipid droplets in the liver by decreasing triacylglycerol synthesis.