Remote Sensing and GIS in the Research of Young River Landscape

This article explores the integration of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) for analysing the dynamics of young river landscapes, focusing on hydromorphological processes such as erosion, sediment deposition, flooding, and floodplain development. Specifically, satellite data from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8–9 were examined using EO Browser, QGIS, and ArcGIS to assess the morphological changes of the Prut and Cheremosh Rivers. The study demonstrates that Sentinel-1 radar imagery effectively captures channel shifts during flood events regardless of cloud cover, whereas Sentinel-2’s higher spectral resolution offers refined water-body delineation and floodplain analysis. Landsat 8–9 data provide a robust historical archive, useful for long-term monitoring of hydromorphological evolution. By combining multiple satellite missions, researchers can distinguish between active channel-forming zones during high-flow conditions and exposed alluvial deposits in low-flow periods. Key findings include identifying flood extent, measuring channel-width variations, and detecting specific areas prone to erosion and sediment buildup. Spectral indices were used to track moisture gradients and delineate floodplain boundaries, revealing high-value habitats and priority zones for conservation. These findings underscore the critical role of RS and GIS methods in enhancing flood risk assessment and guiding sustainable management practices within river basins. This research confirms that integrating satellite data and geoinformation technologies significantly strengthens water resource management and environmental monitoring strategies. Policymakers can leverage these insights to optimize land-use planning, prioritize conservation efforts, and develop science-based, sustainable frameworks for managing young river landscapes.