Design and Simulation of a Phase-Stable Printed Log-Periodic Biconical Dipole Array

From radar tracking to satellite communications, reflector antennas have applications in a great number of fields.[1][2] Reflector antennas have become an essential component of many domains thanks to their versatility, reliability, and performance.These antennas have played important roles in various fields beyond satellite communications and radar tracking, including deep space exploration, radio astronomy, and establishing wireless internet connections.Capabilities to guide and modulate electromagnetic waves have transformed our communication and observation of the surrounding environments.Reflector antennas are an essential component for various fields like space, telecommunication, and scientific exploration.The most commonly used feeding antennas are horn antennas, log-periodic dipole arrays, and spiral antennas.[3-5]These antennas each have their own unique characteristics that make them suitable for various applications.Horn antennas, known for their directional properties, are often used in microwave applications due to their ability to focus energy in a specific direction.Log-periodic dipole arrays, on the other hand, are favored for their broadband capabilities, making them ideal for wide frequency range communication systems.Spiral antennas, with their compact size and circular polarization features, find their niche in satellite communication and radar systems where space is limited but performance is crucial.The PLPBDA antenna is a versatile and simple structure that offers several advantages.It provides reasonable gain, a narrow beam, and maintains a constant input impedance over a wide bandwidth.These characteristics make it suitable for a variety of applications, including being used as a feed for reflector antennas, lenses, and signal detection systems.Overall, the PLPBDA antenna's performance and adaptability make it an excellent choice in many scenarios [4][8-9].Furthermore, an LPDA antenna is considered frequency-independent when the higher frequency is at least ten times greater than the lower frequency, resulting in consistent impedance and radiation characteristics across the frequency range.The size of the LPDA antenna is primarily determined by its lower operating frequency, resulting in a longer dipole.However, for wide operation frequency bands