Review on graphene-lithium niobate integration-based acoustoelectric, photonic, and optic devices

Graphene-lithium niobate (G-LN) integration has emerged as a promising approach for advancing acoustoelectric, photonic, and optic devices. This hybrid integration leverages graphene’s remarkable optical transparency, excellent conductivity, high carrier mobility, tunable electronic properties, and compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology, alongside LN’s high electro-optic, acousto-optic, and nonlinear-optic coefficients, creating a highly functional platform for novel devices. This mini-review comprehensively synthesizes the state-of-the-art and recent advancements in G-LN integration, summarizing its fundamental principles and processes of practical fabrication techniques, and exploring surface acoustic waves, graphene electrodes, surface plasmon polaritons, and graphene absorbers. This mini-review of G-LN integration could underscore its significance in supporting more robust, energy-efficient, high-performance, and uniquely diverse devices, implying its potential to drive breakthroughs across multiple disciplines, as well as inspire further advancements in G-LN integration-based device design and applications.