<i>Hordeum jubatum</i> : An Alternative Host for Fungal Pathogens Attacking Cultivated Barley (Retracted)

This article has been retracted by the publisher because it is a duplicate of a previously published work (https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0472-RE). Readers should refer to and cite the original publication. This article was retracted on 12 February 2026. Wild grasses can serve as hosts for plant pathogens that attack small grain cereal crops, thereby perpetuating the disease cycle and potentially initiating epidemics. Foxtail barley (<i>Hordeum jubatum</i>) is a perennial grass species that is common across North America and can often be found growing near cultivated barley fields. Despite the close proximity of the two plant species in agroecosystems, few studies have been advanced to characterize the compatibility of <i>H</i>. <i>jubatum</i> to barley pathogens and its possible role in disease epidemiology. The objective of this study was to assess whether <i>H</i>. <i>jubatum</i> can act as a host to seven fungal pathogens causing diseases of barley. A collection of <i>H</i>. <i>jubatum</i> accessions (<i>n</i> = 100) from sites in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and North Dakota in the United States and Manitoba in Canada were inoculated at the seedling or adult plant stage in the greenhouse with isolates of <i>Drechslera</i> <i>teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> (causal pathogen of net form net blotch), <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> (spot blotch), <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (stem rust), <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>hordei</i> (powdery mildew), <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>hordei</i> (stripe rust), <i>Puccinia hordei</i> (leaf rust), and <i>P</i>. <i>coronati-hordei</i> (crown rust). None of the accessions showed any visual signs of infection when challenged with <i>B</i>. <i>graminis</i> f. sp. <i>hordei</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>hordei</i>. In contrast, 97 to 100% of evaluated accessions were infected by <i>D</i>. <i>teres</i> f. <i>teres</i>, <i>B</i>. <i>sorokiniana</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>hordei</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>coronati-hordei</i>. The relative degree of compatibility of <i>H</i>. <i>jubatum</i> to these latter five pathogens ranged from low (similar to resistant barley) to high (similar to susceptible barley). These results demonstrate that <i>H</i>. <i>jubatum</i> can be infected by isolates of important barley pathogens, but typically not with the same degree of compatibility as susceptible barleys. Nevertheless, when infected plants of <i>H</i>. <i>jubatum</i> are growing near barley fields, they could serve as reservoirs of inoculum to initiate some diseases.