A Preliminary Analysis of the Comparative Study on the Ideas of Humans and Nature in the “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844” and the “Tao Te Ching”

本研究通过比较马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与老子的《道德经》中的人与自然思想，探讨两者对自然的理解及其与人类活动的关系。马克思的唯物主义自然观与道家的自然主义在根本上有所不同，但两者都强调人与自然的相互依存。马克思提出的劳动改造自然的思想与道家的“无为而治”有着明显的差异，但两者都认为人类应当与自然保持和谐的关系。本文通过文本分析与对比研究，揭示了两者在人与自然关系上的异同，并讨论其对现代社会及个人生活的启示。This study compares Marx’s “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844” with Laozi’s “Tao Te Ching” to explore their understanding of nature and its relationship with human activities. Marx’s materialist view of nature and Taoist naturalism are fundamentally different, but both emphasize the interdependence between humans and nature. The idea of labor transforming nature proposed by Marx differs significantly from the Taoist philosophy of “governing by inaction”, but both believe that humans should maintain a harmonious relationship with nature. This article reveals the similarities and differences between humans and nature through text analysis and comparative research, and discusses their implications for modern society and personal life.