Theoretical study of nonlinear magnetosonic waves: Potential applications in plasma diagnostics

Nonlinear magnetosonic waves (MSWs) in electron-ion plasmas play a critical role in plasma dynamics, with implications for energy transfer, particle acceleration, and astrophysical phenomena. In this study, deriving a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) to describe weakly nonlinear magnetosonic wave packets, accounting for the interplay between magnetic pressure and plasma thermal pressure. Unlike previous works limited to linear or Korteweg−de Vries (KdV) type models, present paper reveals the conditions for the existence of various nonlinear wave structures, including Kuznetsov−Ma (K−M) breather soliton, Akhmediev breather (AB) soliton, bright soliton (BS), and rogue wave (RW). A detailed analysis shows how these waveforms depend on plasma parameters such as external magnetic field strength, electron and ion temperatures, and wave number. Additionally, this work explores a potential application of these findings, using multiple breather solutions as a diagnostic tool to infer challenging to measure plasma parameters from easily observable quantities. The present results not only extend the theoretical understanding of magnetosonic waves but also suggest practical approaches for future plasma diagnostics, providing a foundation for research in controlled fusion, space physics, and astrophysical plasma studies.