Chlorogenic Acid: An In‐Depth Review of Its Effectiveness in Cancer Treatment

ABSTRACT Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge. Owing to the unsatisfactory curative effects and severe side effects, it is urgent to explore safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives and drugs. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural polyphenol, has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy due to its multiple functions and minimal toxicity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that CGA exerts potent anticancer effects through immunomodulation, induction of programmed cell death (PCD), cell cycle regulation, inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis, suppression of angiogenesis, modulation of oxidative stress, and enhancement of chemotherapy efficacy. These diverse mechanisms enable CGA to target multiple hallmarks of cancer simultaneously, addressing the complexity and heterogeneity of tumor biology. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress on CGA in cancer therapy, elucidates its underlying molecular mechanisms, and discusses the challenges and directions of future research.