Intraspinal Schwannoma: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

椎管内神经鞘瘤是临床常见的原发性椎管内肿瘤，肿瘤压迫邻近结构引起疼痛、感觉异常、运动障碍等临床表现，严重影响患者生活质量。尽管放化疗及靶向治疗领域的研究日益增多，但手术仍是当前首选的治疗手段。然而，由于肿瘤与脊髓及其神经根紧密相连，手术治疗会损伤神经造成一定的功能障碍。本文对椎管内神经鞘瘤病理特征、临床及影像学特征、治疗方法以及预后做一综述。Intraspinal schwannoma, a common primary intraspinal tumor, significantly impairs patients’ quality of life by compressing adjacent structures and causing clinical manifestations such as pain, sensory abnormalities, and motor dysfunction. Although research on radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies continues to expand, surgical intervention remains the primary treatment modality. However, the intimate anatomical relationship between the tumor and spinal cord/nerve roots poses challenges, as surgical resection may induce neurological deficits. This review comprehensively summarizes the pathological characteristics, clinical and imaging features, therapeutic strategies, and prognostic outcomes associated with intraspinal schwannoma.