Agricultural Transformation: IoT Technology in the Controlled Cultivation of Oryza Sativa Seedlings in Greenhouse

This paper offers a current review of the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for the cultivation of Oryza sativa (rice) in greenhouses through the incorporation of climate and soil sensors. It is not intended to cover all aspects of IoT, but rather to provide a detailed understanding of its application in this context. Through the analysis of published works, the applications developed, the approaches adopted, and the proposals of experts in the field are investigated. Therefore, real data are examined in the cultivation of Oryza sativa seedlings that we consolidated with Power BI, managing to compare the traditional crop with that carried out with IoT technology, highlighting the real-time monitoring of critical soil variables such as humidity, temperature, electroconductivity, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). Likewise, climate variables such as humidity and relative temperature. This monitoring facilitates the optimization of irrigation and fertilization, promoting efficient and sustainable agriculture. The implementation of IoT in greenhouses not only provides improvements in productivity and product quality but also boosts competitiveness and innovation in the agrifood sector.