Evaluation of implant survival and causes of early implant failure: a retrospective study

Relevance. Dental implant treatment is associated with specific risks and complications that may occur either before the completion of osseointegration or around an osseointegrated implant during functional loading, ultimately leading to implant loss. Implant survival is a key criterion for evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of an implant system. Objective. To evaluate the one-year survival rate of dental implants from the domestic A2 implant system after placement and to identify the main causes of early implant failure. Materials and methods. The study was based on the medical records of patients treated with the A2 implant system between November 2022 and October 2023 in three dental clinics. A total of 385 patients were included, and 770 implants were placed. Outcomes were monitored for one year following implant placement. Treatment results were assessed using the following criteria: favorable outcome—implant used as a support for a prosthetic restoration; unfavorable outcome—implant failure. Results. During the first year, osseointegration was achieved in 765 out of 770 placed A2 implants, followed by successful prosthetic restoration. Five implants failed. Two were removed within the first month due to inflammation at the implant site. One implant became mobile following a domestic injury. Two additional implants were removed prior to definitive prosthetic restoration due to mobility detected during healing abutment placement. Thus, the study identified a 0.6% complication rate in the first year following implantation. The overall early survival rate of the implants was 99.4%. Conclusion. The evaluated implant design demonstrated clinical effectiveness across various treatment scenarios. The one-year implant survival rate was 99.4%.