Evaluation of the Strength of Natural Dyeing from Teak Wood Extract on Traditional Weaving Yarn

This study uses different fixation materials to investigate the colour fastness of natural dyes derived from teak wood extract (Tectona grandis) on traditional woven yarns. Four fixation agents—aluminium sulphate (Al₂(SO₄)₃):sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃):calcium carbonate (CaCO₃):and ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄)—were tested at different fixation stages (initial, middle, and final). Colour fastness was assessed through washing and sunlight exposure tests, with ANOVA used to analyse statistical significance. The results indicate that aluminium sulphate exhibited the highest initial colour retention (52.36%):but its effectiveness declined significantly over time. In contrast, sodium bicarbonate maintained more stable colour retention in later stages, making it a promising alternative for long-term durability. The findings highlight the critical role of fixation selection in optimising natural dyeing processes and suggest practical applications for large-scale sustainable textile production. Future research should explore hybrid fixation methods and environmentally friendly alternatives to enhance colour stability.