Functional role of TGFβ1 -509C/T gene polymorphism in Susceptibility to preeclampsia in pregnant women

Background: Preeclampsia [PE] is a genetic and vascular disorder that occurs during pregnancy. It has multiple symptoms, including high blood pressure and protein in the urine. This disease results from poor blood supply to the placenta. Objective of study: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between TGFβl promoter polymorphism -509C/T and PE in South Indian women. A candidate factor in the development of this disease is the immunoprotein (transforming growth factor β1 cytokine). Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 100 pregnant women were screened for functional polymorphisms of the TGFB1 gene [C-509 T], including 50 patients with PCS and 50 stable controls. While homozygous CC constituted 76% of PCS cases and 70% of normal healthy pregnant women, 24% of PCS cases and 30% of controls were heterozygous CT. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences. Statistically significant differences between preeclampsia cases and controls at this polymorphic site in genotype distribution and allele frequency. Molecular defects in this immunoprotein may lead to a defect in the regulation of the placental blood vessels, which affects the occurrence of apoptosis in target cells, and may also act as a major controller of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and the development of peripheral anti-inflammatory T cells [FOXP3 + Tregs]. Conclusion: In conclusion, preeclampsia cannot be associated with polymorphisms in the TGF-beta1 promoter region at position -509 (C/T). In pregnant women, the clear urine that persists is produced by high TGF-b1 levels, and the function of the cells (glomerular cells) is responsible for raising TGF-β1 levels.