Cardiovascular post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: cohort study using electronic health records
The risk of cardiovascular outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported in adults, but evidence in children and adolescents is limited. This paper assessed the risk of a multitude of cardiac signs, symptoms, and conditions 28-179 days after infection, with outcomes stratified by the presence of congenital heart defects (CHDs), using electronic health records (EHR) data from 19 children's hospitals and health institutions from the United States within the RECOVER consortium between March 2020 and September 2023. The cohort included 297,920 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals and 915,402 SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. Every individual had at least a six-month follow-up after cohort entry. Here we show that children and adolescents with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection are at a statistically significant increased risk of various cardiovascular outcomes, including hypertension, ventricular arrhythmias, myocarditis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, thromboembolism, chest pain, and palpitations, compared to uninfected controls. These findings were consistent among patients with and without CHDs. Awareness of the heightened risk of cardiovascular disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to timely referrals, diagnostic evaluations, and management to mitigate long-term cardiovascular complications in children and adolescents.
Authors
- Dimitri Christakis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-7253)
- Christopher B. Forrest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-068X)
- Deepika Thacker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-397X)
- Dazheng Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-0785)
- Marion R. Sills (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1322-0822)
- David A. Williams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-4895)
- Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-1466)
- Vidu Garg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-5927)
- Elizabeth A. Chrischilles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-1955)
- Bradley Taylor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-4172)
- Ting Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-8380)
- Yong Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-0788)
- Bingyu Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-249X)
- Susan Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-8059)
- Yuqing Lei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8867-202X)
- Jiajie Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7402-6883)
- Qiong Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-1899)
- Soledad Fernández
Institutions
- University of Iowa (US)
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of the Arts (US)
- Children's Hospital Colorado (US)
- Nemours Children's Health System (US)
- Department of Health (TW)
- Penn Center for AIDS Research (US)
- Applied Mathematics (United States) (US)
- Ochin (US)
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital (US)
- University of Pennsylvania Health System (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Universidad de León (ES)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-04-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56284-0
- Citations
- 16
- Primary Topic
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 22.23
Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute