COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOGISTICS RATES AND TARIFFS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TRANSPORT IN THE DIMENSION OF TURBULENCE

In the article, the authors examine the transport and logistics system of Ukraine, which is faced with turbulence factors that affect the formation of tariffs and the efficiency of international transportation. Maritime transportation has also felt the impact of the war and is in permanent turbulence. The increase in bunker fuel prices has led to an increase in freight rates. The authors have studied that on the Reni-Marmara route, freight rates ranged from 48 USD/t in February 2023 to 21.5 USD/t in May 2024. At the same time, the opening of the sea corridor in August 2023 significantly improved the situation. During the six months of operation of the corridor, 736 vessels left the ports of "Great Odesa", transporting almost 23 million tons of export cargo, of which more than 2/3 were agricultural products. Railway transport was also affected by the war and the economic crisis. Ukrzaliznytsia plans to increase tariffs for freight transportation of all classes. This decision has caused concern in the logistics business environment, as such an increase will cost manufacturers at least 10 billion hryvnias. Road transport turned out to be the most sensitive to changes in tariffs and fuel prices. This led to an increase in tariffs for road transportation by 30-40% compared to the pre-war period. In addition, Ukrainian road transport companies pay approximately 10% more taxes than their foreign competitors. This emphasizes the need for further development of road transportation and optimization of logistics routes. In addition, air transport provides extremely fast delivery of valuable and perishable goods to their destination, which makes it indispensable for large international logistics companies. Thus, the freight and tariff logistics system and its material component directly affect the quality of the transport process and the maintenance of cargo and vehicles. In the current turbulent period in the surrounding external and internal economic business environment of transport logistics in Ukraine is very low. Research in the logistics sector is important and relevant in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine.