A Prospective Study of Risk Factors Influencing Bowel Anastomotic Dehiscence in Emergency Laparotomy

Background: Intestinal anastomosis is one of the most frequently performed operative procedures, especially in emergency setting, and is also frequently performed in the elective setting when resections are done for benign or malignant lesions for the GIT. The aim of the study is to find the risk factors, incidence of anastomotic leak after intestinal anastomosis and the mortality rate associated with it. Methodology: This Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted in Coimbatore medical college and hospital with the history of abdominal pain and undergoing resection anastomosis in Department of General surgery for a period of one year from 2022-2023.The study participants fulfilling the inclusion and the exclusion criteria were included in the study throughout the study period. The final attained sample 50. They divided into anastomotic dehiscence and Non dehiscence group. The demographic data like name, age of the patient, history of previous hospitalization were obtained. Clinical examination, Laboratory investigations and ultrasound were done. The data collected and statistical analysis done. Results: Our study results showed that increase in age, Comorbidities like Diabetes Mellitus, Anemia, Hypoalbuminemia are found to be statistically significant. The most common risk factor for anastomotic dehiscence observed in patients who underwent surgery for malignant causes is increased duration of surgery. There is no association observed between site, type, method of anastomosis technique and anastomotic dehiscence. Conclusion: The study concludes that anastomotic dehiscence is the major cause for morbidity and mortality, like reduced survival rate, increased hospitalization, and there is a clear rise in cost of health care. Modifiable risk factors can be modified in order to reduce the cause for anastomotic dehiscence and hence the morbidity and mortality of the patients will decrease in both benign or malignant condition.