Exploring the Stigma of Cancer among Arabs Populations: A Qualitative Study on Sociocultural Influences

Abstract Introduction: Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, accompanied by social health-related stigma (HRS), particularly in diverse sociocultural contexts. Despite advancements of cancer treatment and increased survival rates, HRS remains a substantial challenge. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences of HRS among cancer patients in Oman and its sociocultural influences. Participants were recruited in January 2023 from the oncology and daycare wards of the National Oncology Center at a tertiary care hospital in Oman. The data were collected through in-depth one-to-one interviews and analyzed thematically, ensuring data saturation and methodological rigor. Results: Thirteen patients participated in the study, revealing seven major themes. These included Concealment (with subthemes “Immediate vs. Delayed Disclosure “and “Intentional withholding”), Social Isolation (with subthemes “Desire for Isolation” and “Avoidance by Others”), Personal Responsibility and Family Roles (subthemes “Personal responsibility” and “Functionality”), beliefs and social perceptions (“Medical vs. Cultural Beliefs”), Emotional and Spiritual Influence (with subthemes “Shock and Acceptance” and “Spiritual Growth”), Health Management Concerns (with subthemes “Fear of Metastasis and Recurrence” and “Treatment Efficacy”), and Shame (subtheme “Effect on Marriage and Family Reputation”). Conclusion: Participants experience a range of response, ranging from stigmatization to coping, influenced by the complex interplay of sociocultural factors. Many drew strength from their faith and family support. Therefore, this study underscores the need for culturally tailored interventions to address HRS among cancer patients. Public health campaigns and support groups can help mitigate stigma and improve the quality of life and treatment adherence.